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6-Tube 1927 Stewart Warner AM Radio
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Clock

This nice looking radio was acquired in 2000.
Quite a bit of work was performed for its current status.

Condition:
Wood is in good condition. The radio currently
does not work.
At one time I had this "rigged" and receiving broadcasts-
but not really "fixed".
See below for extensive repair notes.

History of this particular radio is not known.
Possibly came from the Pinckneville Illinois area.

Old Radio
Beautiful open
lid view

Old Tube label
Tube test:
June 13, 1932

Two original condition pictures:

Original Condition
Original exterior
Original Condition
Original "guts"

Interest:
The radio would be set up in the home by a professional installer. He would erect a long outside antenna and a grounding connection. He would ask what station you particularly liked and would adjust the radio for maximum sensitivity for that station.
The radio would tune over the entire range, but technical limitations made its sensitivity reduced as you tune away from where the technician made his setting.
To operate the set, the owner would connect a 90 volt "B" battery...typical for the time, a "C" battery and also a 6 volt battery. Often times the 6 volt battery was removed from their tractor or vehicle to operate the radio. The batteries would be placed in a separate battery box.
He would also connect the antenna, ground and speaker if they weren't already connected.
Operation:
The owner would rotate the switch to "ON"...The smallest knob on the bottom Right of the radio and wait 15-30 seconds for the tubes to get hot. The tubes glow white like today's 7watt night light bulbs, but not as bright.
As the radio warms up the sound increases, and after about 5 minutes it reaches maximum sensitivity.
The knob on the Left controls volume and the center knob is tuning. The Right knob is rotated to keep the tubes burning hot, to compensate as the 6volt battery wears down.
Other points:
This radio uses a (then) cutting edge technology called TRF (Tuned Radio Frequency). That technology only lasted a few short years.
The tuning scale is measured in wavelength...not in frequency as is today's radios so a conversion has to be made.
This radio incorporates single knob tuning, a vast improvement over some other radios which tuned using three knobs.
This radio really sucks down the juice of the 6volt battery. No telling how many tractors or cars wouldn't start after a night of listening!

Repair notes: (Links go to interesting repair photos)
The first thing I did was to repair its wooden case. Lots of exterior scratches, loose veneer and dirt. See the Original Guts photo.
The cabinet was quickly repaired with glue and clamps. It was then scrubbed with oil soap and applied dark walnut stain-wax and buffed.

Next was assessing the electrical condition, and repair if possible. First thing I noticed was difficulty in rotating the tuning knob, along with scraping sounds. The three tuning capacitors were warped, and the distortion can be seen in the Original Guts photo.
The mechanical tuning problem was caused by three decaying pot metal pullies which caused binding. These were (hopefully) fixed by forcing gray epoxy deep into its cracks. The tuning capacitors were warped and needed re-squaring and the fins adjusted, so I took the opportunity to polish them to a beautiful brass shine. With the tuning mechanism now fixed, I turned my attention to the rest of the electronics.

Tuning Chassis
Click the above photo for an exiting explanation of this amazing tuning assembly-
And a cool animation to-boot!

This radio displays the earliest
radio mass production techniques.
Everything is point-to-point wiring and
a tightly woven fabric wiring harness.
Elecronics Bench
"The bench"
Notice all the batteries!
Radio Chassis
Bottom side
showing electronics
Schematic
Hand crafted
schematic
I clipped a number of
typical 9volt batteries together to
create my own 110 volt "B" battery.

Technical:
The theory of a TRF radio:
Signal enters from the antenna which is tuned to a specific frequency (station) using a coil & tuning capacitor and amplified.
The RF signal is amplified two more times, each through its own tuned circuit.
The RF signal is then rectified into AF and amplified twice through coupling transformers.

That explanation was WAY too complicated so I made this simplified diagram:
The secondary winding of the 2nd AF amplifier is open (bad) and is why this radio does not work.
Like this diagram:

So....how did I get it to receive broadcasts with a bad output transformer?

First I had to adjust each of the three RF sections to be in proper tune with each other so I set up my test bench.
I set the radio to my favorite local station (400 meters on the dial) and sent a weak 750khz signal through the antenna input, then tuned each capacitor to pass the RF signal, moving my scope back for each stage, until it passed the first signal in decades!
(I was so excited and I snapped the actual scope photo...like a kid on Christmas)
This tuning procedure was similar to what the installer back in 1927 would have done.

Now that I had the radio properly tuned, I connected a long antenna & ground...and an external AF amplifier like this:
Sure enough it picked up my favorite AM station loud and clear. (Broadcast about 60 miles away...and at night)

I rotated the tuning dial and picked up a number of other stations.

I listened for about an hour but at that point all my batteries were about dead, so I reassembled everything and put the radio on the shelf, and is how it is today.

Conclusion:
Even though the radio isn't "fixed" I'm very satisfied with the repair. I have some new info on how to bypass open coupling transformer windings. But that's for another day.

P.S.
The speaker which appear in some links isn't mine.
It was found on the web as a Stewart Warner speaker,
and would have been used with these radios.

Note:
This radio uses six tubes.
The sixth one is an untuned RF amp located between the antenna and the 1st tuned AF section.
That is, if you were wondering.
:)